Generic Tiazac xl (Diltiazem hcl 90/120/180mg)
DILTIAZEM HCI
Tablets: 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg (Rx) Various, Cardizem (Marion Merrell Dow)
Capsules, sustained-release: 60, 90, 120, Various, Cardizem SR (Marion Merrell Dow)
180, 240, 300 and 360 mg (Rx) Cardizem CD (Marion Merrell Dow),
Dilacor XR (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer), Tiazac (Forest)
Injections: 25 mg (5 mg/50 mL),
50 mg (5 mg/mL) (Rx) Cardizem (Marion Merrell Dow)
Oral-
Tablets: Start with 30 mg 4 times/day before meals and at bedtime; gradually increase dosage to 180 to 360 mg (given in divided doses 3 or 4 times/day) at 1-to 2-day intervals until optimum response is obtained.
Sustained release:
Cardizem SR -Start with 60 to 120 mg twice daily. Adjust dosage when maximum antihypertensive effect is achieved (usually by 14 days chronic therapy). Optimum dosage range is 240 to 360 mg/day, but some patients may respond to lower doses.
Cardizem CD -
Hypertension: 180 to 240 mg once daily; some patients may respond to lower doses. Maximum antihypertensive effect is usually achieved by 14 days chronic therapy; therefore, adjust dosage accordingly. Usual range is 240 to 360 mg once daily; experience with doses > 360 mg is limited.
Angina: Start with 120 or 180 mg once daily. Some patients may respond to higher doses of up to 480 mg once daily. When necessary, titration may be carried out over a 7- to 14-day period.
Cardizem CD may be opened and administered, but do not crush.
Dilacor XR -
Hypertension: 180 to 240 mg once daily; adjust dose as needed. Individual patients, particularly those > 60 years of age, may respond to a lower dose of 120 mg. Usual range is 180 to 480 mg once daily. Although current clinical experience with the 540 mg dose is limited, the dose may be increased to 540 mg with little or no increased risk of adverse reactions. Do not exceed 540 mg once daily. Angina: Adjust dosage to each patient's needs, starting with a dose of 120 mg once daily, which may be titrated to doses of up to 480 mg once daily, when necessary, titration may be carried out over a 7- to 14-day period.
Hypertensive or anginal patients treated with other formulations of diltiazem can safely be switched to Dilacor XR at the nearest equivalent total daily dose. However, subsequent titration to higher or lower doses may be necessary and should be initiated as clinically indicated.
Administration in the morning on an empty stomach is recommended.
Parenteral -
Direct IV single injections (bolus): The initial dose is 0.25 mg/kg as a bolus administered over 2 minutes (20 mg is a reasonable dose for the average patient). If response is inadequate, a second dose may be administered after 15 minutes. The second bolus dose should be 0.35 mg/kg administered over 2 minutes (25 mg is a reasonable dose for the average patient). Individualize subsequent IV bolus doses. Dose patients with low body weights on a mg/kg basis. Some patients may respond to an initial dose of 0.15 mg/kg, although duration of action may be shorter.
Continuous IV infusion: For continued reduction of the heart rate (up to 24 hours) in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, an IV infusion may be administered. Immediately following bolus administration of 20 mg (0.25 mg/kg) or 25 mg (0.35 mg/kg) and reduction of heart rate, begin an IV infusion. The recommended initial infusion rate is 10 mg/hr. Some patients may maintain response to an initial rate of 5 mg/hr. The infusion rate may be increased in 5 mg/hr increments up to 15 mg/hr as needed, if further reduction in heart rate is required. The infusion may be maintained for up to 24 hours. Therefore, infusion duration > 24 hours and infusion rates > 15 mg/hr arc not recommended.
Concomitant therapy: Concomitant therapy with p-blockers or digitalis is usually well tolerated, but the effects of co-administration cannot be predicted, especially in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or cardiac conduction abnormalities. Use caution in titrating dosages for impaired renal or hepatic function patients, since dosage requirements are not available.
CARDIO & BLOOD – CHOLESTEROL
HYPERTENSION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Epidemiology
From a meta-analysis of 44 randomized trials of physical training, it was concluded that physically inactive populations had blood pressures that were higher by 2/3 (systolic/diastolic) mmHg in normotensive subjects and by 7/6 mmHg in hypertensive patients as compared to the physically active groups.
Intermediate Mechanisms
Thirty minutes of brisk walking 5 to 7 times per week for 12 weeks by mild, untreated essential-hypertension patients lowered their systolic and diastolic blood pressures and increased forearm blood flow in response to the infusion of acetylcholine. This response was blocked by a NO (nitric oxide) inhibitor, suggesting a role for NO. Less NO would favor vasoconstriction. Plasma nitrate (an index of NO quantity) was lower in sedentary hypertensive rats compared to those allowed access to 35 days of voluntary wheel running.
There was an inverse relationship between the decrease in ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and the increase in maximal forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine after the 12-wk training in hypertensive patients, suggesting that high cholesterol causes endothelial dysfunction.
Resting levels of circulating norepinephrine were higher in sedentary subjects than physically active subjects. Norepinephrine produces peripheral vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance. Sedentary hypertensive rats had increased adrenergic agent-induced vasoconstrictor responses that were associated with an attenuated NO release in thoracic aortas and carotid arteries relative to exercise-trained hypertensive rats.
Currently, little information describing cellular mechanisms is available.
*7/282/5*
CARDIO & BLOOD
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