Generic Oretic (Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5/25mg)
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Ingredient: hydrochlorothiazide
Equivalent Products: Diaqua; Esidrix; Ezide; Hydro-Chlor; HydroDIURIL; Hydromal; Hydro-T; Hydro-Z; Hydrozide; Oretic; Thiuretic.
Dosage Form: Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg.
Uses: Prevention of fluid accumulation and removal of fluid from tissue; treatment of high blood pressure.
Minor Side Effects: Constipation; cramps; decreased sexual desire; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; heartburn; increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood; itching; loss of appetite; nausea; restlessness; sun sensitivity; vomiting. Most of these side effects, if they occur, should subside as your body adjusts to the medication. Tell your doctor about any that are persistent or particularly bothersome.
Major Side Effects: Blood disorders; blurred vision; bruising; chest pain; dark urine; elevated blood sugar; elevated uric acid; fever; muscle spasm; palpitations; skin rash; sore throat; thirst; tingling in fingers and toes; weakness; yellowing of the eyes or skin. Notify your doctor if you notice any major side effects.
Contraindications: This drug should not be used by people, who are allergic to it or to sulfa drugs, by people with kidney disease, or by people who are unable to urinate. Consult your doctor immediately if this drug has been prescribed for you and any of these conditions applies.
Warnings: This drug should be used cautiously by pregnant women and by people who have diabetes, liver disease, a history of allergy, or asthma. Be sure your doctor knows if any of these conditions applies to you.
• Nursing mothers who must take this drug should stop nursing.
• This drug may affect the potency of, or your need for, other blood pressure drugs and antidiabetics; dosage adjustment may be necessary.
• This drug interacts with colestipol hydrochloride, cholestyramine, digitalis, lithium, quinidine, and steroids. If you are currently taking any drugs of these types, consult your doctor about their use. If you are unsure about the type or contents of your medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
• If you are taking digitalis in addition to this drug, watch carefully, for symptoms of increased digitalis toxicity (e.g., nausea, blurred vision, palpitations), and notify your doctor immediately if they occur.
• This drug may affect thyroid and other laboratory tests; be sure your doctor knows that you are taking this drug if you are having any tests done.
• This drug can cause potassium loss. Signs of such loss include dry mouth, thirst, weakness, muscle pain or cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Call your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
• While taking this product, limit your consumption of alcoholic beverages in order to prevent dizziness or light-headedness.
• If you have high blood pressure, do not take any nonprescription item for weight control, cough, cold, or sinus problems without first checking with your doctor; such medications may contain ingredients that can increase blood pressure.
• Notify your doctor if you develop signs of jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine).
• This drug may cause gout, high blood levels of calcium, or the onset of diabetes that has been latent. To help prevent these problems, you should have blood tests done periodically.
• This medication can increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun. Avoid prolonged sun exposure, and use a sunscreen.
Comments: This drug must be taken as directed. Do not take extra doses or skip a dose without first consulting your doctor.
• This product causes frequent urination. Expect this effect; it should not alarm you. Try to plan your dosage schedule to avoid taking this drug at bedtime.
• You should learn how to monitor your pulse and blood pressure while you are taking this drug; discuss this with your doctor or pharmacist.
• To avoid dizziness or light-headedness when you stand, contract and relax the muscles of your legs for a few moments before rising. Do this by pushing one foot against the floor while raising the other foot slightly, alternating feet so that you are "pumping" your legs in a pedaling motion.
• To help avoid potassium loss, take this product with a glass of fresh or frozen orange juice, or eat a banana every day. The use of a salt substitute also helps prevent potassium loss. Do not change your diet, however, without consulting your doctor. Too much potassium can also be dangerous.
CARDIO & BLOOD
INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION AND EXERCISE
Epidemiology
The age-adjusted prevalence of peripheral arterial disease is approximately 12% for those older than 60. A meta-analysis of 21 studies found that the average time or walking distance to the onset and peak of claudication pain increased 179% and 122%, respectively, following a program of exercise rehabilitation. Exercise improves functional status while undertaking activities of daily living.
Biochemical/Cellular Mechanisms
Exercise training is not associated with substantial changes in blood flow to the legs, and the changes that do occur poorly predict the clinical response. However, exercise training improves oxygen extraction in the legs independent of alterations in blood flow, likely through improvements in intermediary metabolism of skeletal muscle. It also improves gait and walking efficiency, which then lowers the O2 cost for a given workload.
NOS inhibition has been shown to block arteriogenesis in response to exercise, but not angiogenesis, in peripheral arterial insufficiency.
One hour of acute, submaximal treadmill running resulted in a fourfold increase in vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in an NO (nitric oxide)-dependent manner, and more modest increases in transforming growth factor-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the rat gastrocnemius muscle.
*9/282/5*
CARDIO & BLOOD
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