Generic Microzide (Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg)
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Ingredient: hydrochlorothiazide
Equivalent Products: Diaqua; Esidrix; Ezide; Hydro-Chlor; HydroDIURIL; Hydromal; Hydro-T; Hydro-Z; Hydrozide; Oretic; Thiuretic.
Dosage Form: Tablet: 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg.
Uses: Prevention of fluid accumulation and removal of fluid from tissue; treatment of high blood pressure.
Minor Side Effects: Constipation; cramps; decreased sexual desire; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; heartburn; increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood; itching; loss of appetite; nausea; restlessness; sun sensitivity; vomiting. Most of these side effects, if they occur, should subside as your body adjusts to the medication. Tell your doctor about any that are persistent or particularly bothersome.
Major Side Effects: Blood disorders; blurred vision; bruising; chest pain; dark urine; elevated blood sugar; elevated uric acid; fever; muscle spasm; palpitations; skin rash; sore throat; thirst; tingling in fingers and toes; weakness; yellowing of the eyes or skin. Notify your doctor if you notice any major side effects.
Contraindications: This drug should not be used by people, who are allergic to it or to sulfa drugs, by people with kidney disease, or by people who are unable to urinate. Consult your doctor immediately if this drug has been prescribed for you and any of these conditions applies.
Warnings: This drug should be used cautiously by pregnant women and by people who have diabetes, liver disease, a history of allergy, or asthma. Be sure your doctor knows if any of these conditions applies to you.
• Nursing mothers who must take this drug should stop nursing.
• This drug may affect the potency of, or your need for, other blood pressure drugs and antidiabetics; dosage adjustment may be necessary.
• This drug interacts with colestipol hydrochloride, cholestyramine, digitalis, lithium, quinidine, and steroids. If you are currently taking any drugs of these types, consult your doctor about their use. If you are unsure about the type or contents of your medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
• If you are taking digitalis in addition to this drug, watch carefully, for symptoms of increased digitalis toxicity (e.g., nausea, blurred vision, palpitations), and notify your doctor immediately if they occur.
• This drug may affect thyroid and other laboratory tests; be sure your doctor knows that you are taking this drug if you are having any tests done.
• This drug can cause potassium loss. Signs of such loss include dry mouth, thirst, weakness, muscle pain or cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Call your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
• While taking this product, limit your consumption of alcoholic beverages in order to prevent dizziness or light-headedness.
• If you have high blood pressure, do not take any nonprescription item for weight control, cough, cold, or sinus problems without first checking with your doctor; such medications may contain ingredients that can increase blood pressure.
• Notify your doctor if you develop signs of jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine).
• This drug may cause gout, high blood levels of calcium, or the onset of diabetes that has been latent. To help prevent these problems, you should have blood tests done periodically.
• This medication can increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun. Avoid prolonged sun exposure, and use a sunscreen.
Comments: This drug must be taken as directed. Do not take extra doses or skip a dose without first consulting your doctor.
• This product causes frequent urination. Expect this effect; it should not alarm you. Try to plan your dosage schedule to avoid taking this drug at bedtime.
• You should learn how to monitor your pulse and blood pressure while you are taking this drug; discuss this with your doctor or pharmacist.
• To avoid dizziness or light-headedness when you stand, contract and relax the muscles of your legs for a few moments before rising. Do this by pushing one foot against the floor while raising the other foot slightly, alternating feet so that you are "pumping" your legs in a pedaling motion.
• To help avoid potassium loss, take this product with a glass of fresh or frozen orange juice, or eat a banana every day. The use of a salt substitute also helps prevent potassium loss. Do not change your diet, however, without consulting your doctor. Too much potassium can also be dangerous.
CARDIO & BLOOD
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: STROKE
Epidemiology
Physical inactivity increases the risk of ischemic stroke. A higher risk of cerebrovascular accidents is present in the sedentary elderly than in the elderly who are physically active. A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association made the recommendation that, as per guidelines endorsed by the CDC and the NIH, regular exercise (> 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity daily) is part of a healthy lifestyle and helps to reduce comorbid conditions that may lead to stroke. Note that the effect of physical activity's prevention of stroke seems more convincing for ischemic stroke than for hemorrhagic stroke.
Biochemical/Cellular Mechanisms
It has been suggested that the protective effect of physical activity may be partly mediated through its effects on various risk factors for stroke. Physical activity lowers blood pressure, facilitates weight loss and weight maintenance, increases serum HDL cholesterol, is associated with reductions in plasma fibrinogen level and platelet aggregation, and elevates plasma tissue plasminogen activator activity.
Physical inactivity precipitates abnormal endothelial cell function, much in the same way as described for CAD (Coronary Artery Disease). Endothelial dysfunction is due to a selective abnormality of NO (nitric oxide) synthesis, probably related to a defect in the phosphatidylinositol/Ca2+ signaling pathway. NO, a potent vasodilator, is produced by the endothelium of cerebral arteriolar resistance vessels and is crucial to maintaining appropriate cerebral perfusion.
*8/282/5*
CARDIO & BLOOD
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