Generic Dexone

1. Denomination

Decadron

2. Active Substance

Dexamethasone

3. Indications for Use.

Circulatory collapse (sharp drop of arterial tension): shock during surgery or after it, trauma, loss of blood, myocardial infarction, burns. Severe infections: toxemia (presence of toxins substances that may result in disease or death), vascular collapse (sharp drop of arterial tension) meningococcosis (meningitis – purulent inflammation of brain linings), septic infection (a form of blood infection with microorganisms), diphtheria, abdominal typhoid, pneumonia (inflammation of lungs), grippe, peritonitis (peritoneal inflammation), eclampsia (toxicosis of the second part of pregnancy). Acute allergic conditions: asthmatic status (long-running attack of bronchial asthma, resistant to treatment with commonly employed medications), laryngeal edema, dermatosis (skin disease), acute anaphylaxis reaction (immediate allergic reaction) to medications (including antibiotics), serum transfer, pyrogenic reactions (elevation of the body temperature).

4. Action

Adrenal hormone, influencing on carbohydrate metabolism and that of protein, exhibits strong anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Restricts migration of leucocytes to inflammation zone.

5. Posology and Administration

In acute period of disease and in the beginning of the treatment the drug is administered in higher doses. When the effect is achieved a dosage is to be reduced with an interval in several days up to the achievement of a supporting dose or up to the treatment cessation. The dosage regimen is individual. In severe cases and in the beginning of the treatment there to be applied up to 10-15 mg daily, in doing so, a supporting dose may be 2-4,5 mg and more a day. When there is asthmatic status and acute allergic diseases 2-3 mg of Dexamethasone a day may be taken during a small time. In the treatment of adrenogenital syndrome (compromised function of adrenal cortex, accompanied with supersecretion of male sex hormones) a dose is selected in compliance with excretion of 17-ketosteroids with urine. Usually the effect is attained due to the administration of 1-1,5 mg. An average daily dose of 2-3 mg is divided into 2-3 intakes. When the treatment is carried out in small doses the drug is administered one time in the morning.

6. Counterindications

For systematic use (parenterally and orally): Itsenko and Cushing syndrome, obesity of III–IV degree, convulsive states, hypoalbuminemia and the states predisposing to its emergence; open-angle glaucoma.

For intra-articular introduction: systemic grave condition of the patient, non-efficiency or fugacity of the two previous intakes.

7. Should Be Taken with Precautions, if…

Before the start of the treatment a patient should be surveyed in order to find out eventual counterindications.
With caution it should be used in patients who suffer from nonspecific ulcerative colitis (presence of blood in stool), likewise presence of fecal concretions, gastric and duodenal ulcer, kidney failure, systemic osteoporosis, trembling, arterial hypotension.
Caution is also needed when Dexamethasone is administered to patients with evidenced arterial hypertension, diabetes, mental diseases. When there is compromised function of thyroid gland, likewise when there is liver cirrhosis Dexamethasone’s performance may be enhanced. When there is base emotional instability or psychotic tendencies the said events may be enhanced.
When there is Dexamethasone therapy in herpes corneae patients it is well to bear in mind that perforation of cornea is possible. During the treatment a control of tension of eye and cornea state is needed.
In abrupt withdrawal of Dexamethasone, especially in cases when previously high doses have been used - a so called withdrawal syndrome emerges.

8. Interface with Other Medications

Dexamethasone therapy and/or its combination with some other medication are possible on a doctor’s order only. Consult your attending doctor if you use other medicines.

9. Overdosing

Overdosing. Symptoms: enhancement of the below mentioned side effects. In this case the drug’s dose should be reduced, or Dexamethasone therapy should be temporarily withdrawn.

10. Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmias, heart arrest, delay of natrium, edemas, heart failure (aggravation), hypokalemia, high arterial tension; muscle weakness, reduction of muscle bulk, reduction of bone tissue, compression fractures of spinal bones, pathologic fractures of tubular bones, noninflammatory impairment of cardiac muscle; steroid ulcers of intestinal tract, bleeding from ulcers, perforation of intestinal wall, pancreatitis (especially in patients who drink alcohol in excess), increase of the liver; delay in wound healing, thinning of the skin, sweatiness, dermahemia of the face, spots, rash, hematomas, blue strips on the skin or distensions, pimples; epilepsy, convulsions; parasecretion of sex hormones (disorders of menstrual cycle, elevated pilosis of the skin of face, back, arms, impotency); Itsenko-Kushing syndrome, growth impairment in children, probability of diabetes progression; high intraocular tension, increase of the body mass; bulimia, elevated fatigability, immunodepression, change of mood, mental affections, high intracranial tension, insomnia, mental disorders; dizziness, headache, more frequent emergence of infections and aggravation of their course, atrophy of adrenal cortex and adrenal insufficiency, especially during stress (when there is trauma, surgery, coexistent diseases); seldom – allergic reactions (rash, itching).

11. Pregnancy and Lactation

In the I trimester and in lactation period Dexamethasone is administered on life-saving indications, with respect to expected curative effect and negative influence to the fetus. If Dexamethasone therapy is long there may be growth impairment of the fetus.

12. Driving

Drivers of vehicles and people whose profession requires alertness should not use Dexamethasone therapy during their work.

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