Generic Cataflam xr (Diclofenac 100mg)
DICLOFENAC
Tablets: 50 mg (as potassium) (Rx) Various, Cataflam (Novartis)
Tablets, delayed-release: 25, 50, and 75 mg Various, Voltaren (Novartis)
(as sodium) (Rx)
Tablets, extended-release: 100 mg (as sodium) (Rx) Voltaren-XR (Novartis)
Indications
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Relief of signs and symptoms; treatment of acute flares and exacerbation; long-term management.
Concomitant therapy -Concomitant therapy with other second-line drugs (e.g., gold salts) demonstrates additional therapeutic benefit. Whether they can be used with partially effective doses of corticosteroids for a "steroid-sparing" effect and result in greater improvement is not established.
Use with salicylates is not recommended; greater benefit is not achieved, and the potential for adverse reactions is increased. The use of aspirin with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) may cause a decrease in blood levels of the non-aspirin drug.
Administration and Dosage
Osteoarthritis - 100 to 150 mg/day in divided doses (50 mg twice/day or 3 times/ day [diclofenac sodium or potassium] or 75 mg twice/day [diclofenac sodium]). Dosages > 200 mg/day have not been studied.
Rheumatoid arthritis - 150 to 200 mg/day in divided doses (50 mg 3 or 4 times/day [diclofenac sodium or potassium] or 75 mg twice/day [diclofenac sodium]). Dosages > 225 mg/day of the delayed-release diclofenac sodium formulation and dosages > 200 mg/day of immediate-release diclofenac potassium formulation are not recommended.
Ankylosing spondylitis - 100 to 125 mg/day as 25 mg 4 times/day, with an extra 25 mg dose at bedtime, if necessary. Dosages > 125 mg/day have not been studied.
Analgesia and primary dysmenorrhea (diclofenac potassium only) - Recommended starting dose is 50 mg 3 times/day. In some patients, an initial dose of 100 mg followed by 50 mg doses will provide better relief. After the first day, when the maximum recommended dose may be 200 mg, the total daily dose should generally not exceed 150 mg.
ARTHRITIS
PREVENTING AND FIGHTING ARTHRITIS
Called the "nations primary crippler," arthritis strikes one in seven Americans, or over 38 million people. Symptoms range from the occasional tendinitis of the weekend athlete to the horrific pain of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis accounts for over 30 million lost workdays annually and costs the U.S. economy over 12 billion dollars per year, including 5.5 billion dollars in hospital and nursing home services. In addition, arthritis sufferers spend more than 1 billion dollars a year on dubious cures.
Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is a progressive deterioration of bones and joints that has been associated with the "wear and tear" theory of aging. More recent research indicates that as joints are used, they release enzymes that digest cartilage while other cells in the cartilage try to repair the damage. When the enzymatic breakdown overpowers cellular repair, the pain and swelling characteristic of arthritis may occur. Weather extremes, excessive strain, and injury often lead to osteoarthritis flare-ups. But a specific precipitating event does not seem to be necessary. Obesity, joint trauma, and repetitive joint usage all contribute to increased risk, and thus are important targets for prevention.
Although age and injury are undoubtedly factors in the development of osteoarthritis, heredity, abnormal use of the joint, diet, abnormalities in joint structure, and impaired blood supply to the joint may also contribute. Osteoarthritis of the hands seems to have a particularly strong genetic component. Extreme disability as a result of osteoarthritis is rare. However, when joints become so distorted that they impair activity, surgical intervention is often necessary. Joint replacement and bone fusion are common surgical repair techniques. For most people, anti-inflammatory drugs and pain relievers such as aspirin and cortisone-related agents ease discomfort. In some sufferers, applications of heat, mild exercise, and massage may also relieve the pain.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease involving chronic inflammation that can occur at any age, but most commonly appears between the ages of 20 and 45. It is three times more common among women than among men during early adulthood but equally common among men and women in the over-70 age group. Symptoms include stiffness, pain and swelling of multiple joints, often including the joints о the hands and wrists, and can be gradually progressive or sporadic, with occasional unexplained remissions.
Rheumatoid arthritis typically attacks the synovial membrane, which produces the lubricating fluids for the joints. Advanced rheumatoid arthritis often involves destruction о the bony ends of joints. The remedy for this condition is typically bone fusion, which leaves the joint immobile. In some instances, joint replacement may be a viable alternative.
Although the exact cause of this form of arthritis is unknown, some theorists believe that rheumatoid arthritis is caused by some form of invading microorganism that takes over the joint. Certain toxic chemicals and stress have also been mentioned as possible causes. Genetic predisposition is a strong predictor of risk.
Regardless of the cause, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is similar to that for osteoarthritis. Emphasis is placed on pain relief and attempts to improve the functional mobility of the patient. In some instances, immunosuppressant drugs are given to reduce the inflammatory response.
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