Generic Cartia cr (Diltiazem hcl 60mg)
DILTIAZEM HCI
Tablets: 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg (Rx) Various, Cardizem (Marion Merrell Dow)
Capsules, sustained-release: 60, 90, 120, Various, Cardizem SR (Marion Merrell Dow)
180, 240, 300 and 360 mg (Rx) Cardizem CD (Marion Merrell Dow),
Dilacor XR (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer), Tiazac (Forest)
Injections: 25 mg (5 mg/50 mL),
50 mg (5 mg/mL) (Rx) Cardizem (Marion Merrell Dow)
Oral-
Tablets: Start with 30 mg 4 times/day before meals and at bedtime; gradually increase dosage to 180 to 360 mg (given in divided doses 3 or 4 times/day) at 1-to 2-day intervals until optimum response is obtained.
Sustained release:
Cardizem SR -Start with 60 to 120 mg twice daily. Adjust dosage when maximum antihypertensive effect is achieved (usually by 14 days chronic therapy). Optimum dosage range is 240 to 360 mg/day, but some patients may respond to lower doses.
Cardizem CD -
Hypertension: 180 to 240 mg once daily; some patients may respond to lower doses. Maximum antihypertensive effect is usually achieved by 14 days chronic therapy; therefore, adjust dosage accordingly. Usual range is 240 to 360 mg once daily; experience with doses > 360 mg is limited.
Angina: Start with 120 or 180 mg once daily. Some patients may respond to higher doses of up to 480 mg once daily. When necessary, titration may be carried out over a 7- to 14-day period.
Cardizem CD may be opened and administered, but do not crush.
Dilacor XR -
Hypertension: 180 to 240 mg once daily; adjust dose as needed. Individual patients, particularly those > 60 years of age, may respond to a lower dose of 120 mg. Usual range is 180 to 480 mg once daily. Although current clinical experience with the 540 mg dose is limited, the dose may be increased to 540 mg with little or no increased risk of adverse reactions. Do not exceed 540 mg once daily. Angina: Adjust dosage to each patient's needs, starting with a dose of 120 mg once daily, which may be titrated to doses of up to 480 mg once daily, when necessary, titration may be carried out over a 7- to 14-day period.
Hypertensive or anginal patients treated with other formulations of diltiazem can safely be switched to Dilacor XR at the nearest equivalent total daily dose. However, subsequent titration to higher or lower doses may be necessary and should be initiated as clinically indicated.
Administration in the morning on an empty stomach is recommended.
Parenteral -
Direct IV single injections (bolus): The initial dose is 0.25 mg/kg as a bolus administered over 2 minutes (20 mg is a reasonable dose for the average patient). If response is inadequate, a second dose may be administered after 15 minutes. The second bolus dose should be 0.35 mg/kg administered over 2 minutes (25 mg is a reasonable dose for the average patient). Individualize subsequent IV bolus doses. Dose patients with low body weights on a mg/kg basis. Some patients may respond to an initial dose of 0.15 mg/kg, although duration of action may be shorter.
Continuous IV infusion: For continued reduction of the heart rate (up to 24 hours) in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, an IV infusion may be administered. Immediately following bolus administration of 20 mg (0.25 mg/kg) or 25 mg (0.35 mg/kg) and reduction of heart rate, begin an IV infusion. The recommended initial infusion rate is 10 mg/hr. Some patients may maintain response to an initial rate of 5 mg/hr. The infusion rate may be increased in 5 mg/hr increments up to 15 mg/hr as needed, if further reduction in heart rate is required. The infusion may be maintained for up to 24 hours. Therefore, infusion duration > 24 hours and infusion rates > 15 mg/hr arc not recommended.
Concomitant therapy: Concomitant therapy with p-blockers or digitalis is usually well tolerated, but the effects of co-administration cannot be predicted, especially in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or cardiac conduction abnormalities. Use caution in titrating dosages for impaired renal or hepatic function patients, since dosage requirements are not available.
CARDIO & BLOOD – CHOLESTEROL
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS
Lowering cholesterol levels can arrest or reverse atherosclerosis in all vascular beds and can significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with atherosclerosis. Each 10% reduction in cholesterol levels is associated with 20% to 30% reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease. Hyperlipidemia, particularly elevated serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, is a risk factor in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Treatment of hyperlipidemia is based on the assumption that lowering serum lipids decreases morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
The cornerstone of treatment in primary hyperlipidemia is diet restriction and weight reduction. Limit or eliminate alcohol intake. Use drug therapy in conjunction with diet, and after maximal efforts to control serum lipids by diet alone prove unsatisfactory, when tolerance to or compliance with diet is poor or when hyperlipidemia is severe and risk of complications is high. Treat contributory diseases such as hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus.
Positive risk factors for CHD (other than high LDL) include: Age (men > 45 years of age; women > 55 years of age or women who go through premature menopause without estrogen replacement therapy); family history of premature CHD; smoking; hypertension (> 140/90 mmHg); low HDL cholesterol ( 30% overweight); and diabetes mellitus. Physical inactivity is not listed but should also be considered.
Negative risk factors include: High HDL cholesterol (> 60 mg/dL); subtract one risk factor if the patient's HDL is at this level.
All Americans (except children
The following treatments guidelines are provided by the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults > 20 years of age.
1.) Total blood cholesterol 35 mg/dL, repeat total cholesterol and HDL measurements within 5 years or with physical exam; provide education on general population eating pattern, physical activity, and risk factor education. HDL
2.) Total blood cholesterol 200 to 239 mg/dL: HDL > 35 mg/dL and 2 risk factors, analyze lipoprotein; base further action on LDL levels.
3.) Total blood cholesterol > 240 mg/dL: Analyze lipoprotein; base further action on LDL levels.
4.) LDL > 160 mg/dL without CHD and with
5.) LDL > 130 mg/dL without CHD and with > 2 risk factors: Dietary treatment.
6.) LDL > 190 mg/dL without CHD and with 160 mg/dL without CHD and with > 2 other risk factors.
CARDIO & BLOOD – CHOLESTEROL
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